During Oprah Winfrey’s special on artificial intelligence, AI and the Future of Us, (available locally on Disney+) broadcast on September 10, 2024, Bill Gates shared his vision for AI’s transformative role in healthcare and education.
Gates expressed confidence that AI could fundamentally change these sectors for the better, despite ongoing concerns about bias and the potential for misuse.
In healthcare, Gates described AI as an invaluable tool for doctors, suggesting it could act as a "third person" in the consultation room.
“AI is like a third person sitting in [a medical appointment], doing a transcript, suggesting a prescription,” he said.
Gates envisioned a future where AI systems enable doctors to spend less time facing computer screens and more time engaging with patients, with AI ensuring accurate transcripts of medical conversations.
The idea that AI can streamline administrative tasks in healthcare has garnered considerable attention, but Gates’ perspective ignored some of the critical issues associated with AI.
Studies have shown that speech-recognition systems from major tech companies frequently misinterpret audio from Black speakers, resulting in an error rate twice as high compared to white speakers.
This raises serious concerns about the use of AI in medical settings, where bias could lead to misdiagnosis or improper treatment plans for patients from marginalised communities.
In 2021, just 15% of healthcare leaders cited AI as an area of investment, while today South African healthcare leaders are more likely than the global average to have already implemented AI for clinical-decision support, including 60% or more for treatment planning, in-hospital patient monitoring, and preventative care, compared to 37%, 43% and 36% globally, respectively.
Gates was also optimistic about AI’s potential to revolutionise education. He explained that AI could be “always available” to help students and could “understand how to motivate you … whatever your level of knowledge is.”
In his view, AI would offer personalised learning experiences, adapting to individual students’ needs and creating opportunities for continuous improvement.
The research paper, "The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in South African Higher Education Institutions: Opportunities and Challenges" by Shahiem Patel and M. Ragolane found that "AI can significantly enhance educational outcomes and administrative efficiency in South African higher education institutions."
However, in South Africa, "successful integration necessitates addressing infrastructure limitations, ethical concerns, and strategic frameworks."
Although there are currently no laws in South Africa governing the use of AI in education, “a number of university assessments are being redesigned,” Diane Grayson, senior director of academic affairs at Wits University, told TechCentral.
“For example, assessments that just require students to write an essay are having to be modified to prevent them from bypassing the intended learning experience. Instead, more assessments are being given that require students to use AI tools and to show how they have engaged with them,” Grayson said.
Not all educators are convinced. Since its introduction, many schools and universities around the world have banned AI tools like ChatGPT over concerns about plagiarism and misinformation.
While some institutions have reversed these bans, the U.N.’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has called for stricter government regulation of AI in education, advocating for age limits and data privacy measures to protect students.
Despite the concerns, Gates’ techno-optimism provides a hopeful vision of a future where AI significantly enhances education and healthcare, potentially addressing long-standing inefficiencies and inequities.
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